.LOG 2:15 PM 2/11/2008 A few entries here. CD .. is parent directory change. What to search for. .. is always the parent directory . is always the current directory 2:15 PM 2/11/2008 MD is for Make Directory PATH ; gets rid of the entire PATH for the current Command Prompt session. Its just temporary and for that session only. PATH shows you the current path. HELP PATH 2:37 PM 2/11/2008 BAT is the extension for BATch files. > is output redirection < is for input redirection | is the pipe for piping one commands output to the next command as input 3:05 PM 2/11/2008 C:\feb11th>type myBatch.bat ECHO Hello World ECHO Quiz 2 on Wednesday Dir pause arp -a echo skip pushd and popd for quiz 2 ipconfig pause ipconfig /? | more <----- help ipconfig does NOT work, use /? pause ipconfig /all 3:10 PM 2/11/2008 Internal commands - always loaded into memory when Windows or DOS or Linux is up and running. External commands - stored out on disk and only loaded into RAM when the user or the OS (operating system) requests their service. Programs - cmd.exe is a program file that starts up the Command Prompt program. neko.exe is a program file that I can show you on Wednesday. It was created using Visual Basic 6.0 and is the race of four cats for the finish line. Batch files - You saw myBatch.bat and will see two more examples on Wednesday. Suppose I am in the directory C:\folder023\hobbies and want to copy the file hobbyIndex.txt up to folder023. COPY hobbyIndex.txt ..\ or COPY hobbyIndex.txt .. both work. Suppose I am in the same hobbies directory and want to copy C:\folder023\coltrane.txt to the hobbies directory. C:\folder023\hobbies> copy ..\coltrane.txt . solves the problem nicely.