1) What is the main purpose of a router? 2) Where does the first executable instruction come from when a computer is booted up after being turned off? 3) What is the purpose of a UPS? 4) What is the term for unused space of a cluster? 5) What is the binary number 11001110 converted into decimal (base 10)? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q1. What is the protocol of World Wide Web? The World Wide Web is based on only one protocol called HTTP. Q2. What are the two advantages of using NT domain model instead of Peer-to-Peer model? a) NT domain can be used with large networks where as Peer-to-Peer with small networks. b) It has more effective ways to implement security, administration of accounts and resources are centralized. Q3. Describe the five components of the Network Card. Following are the five components of the Network Card: a) Memory b) Cable Connectors c) Bus Connectors d) Processors e) Jumpers Q4. What is a Checksum? It is a value, which is a simple mathematical computation used to Verify that the packet arrived intact. Q5. What are the three main activities of Troubleshooting? a) Identify the Symptoms b) Develop a Hypothesis c) Test your Hypothesis ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. During the boot process, electrical signals are sent where to verify working order? 2. In an NT environment, all hardware-specific components and configuration are stored where? 3. Fiber optic cables are more susceptible to electromagnetic interference than coaxial cables? 4. What does CSMA/CA stand for and what does it do? 5. What are the six devices that expand network connectivity? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What does DAC stand for? A. Digital Analog Converter 2. What is a phoshor? A. Materials that glow when struck by electrons, INCOMPLETE ANSWER there are three different phoshors used, Red, Green, and Blue. 3. What is interlacing? A. When display adapters scan only every other line WRONG ANSWER with each field, creating higher resolutions. 4. What does VGA stand for? A. Video Graphics Array 5. What does AGP stand for? A. Accelerator Graphics Port 6. What is a pixel and what does it stand for? A. The smallest logical unit that is used to build an image on the screen. INCOMPLETE ANSWER Picture Element 7. What is 11101101 in decimal? A. 237 (A question about what would be the subnet mask for a class B network that wanted to have 45 subnetworks would be a better binary test question.) 8. What are the seven layers of the OSI model? A. 1-Application 2-Presentation 3-Session 4-Transport 5-Network 6-Data Link 7-Physical Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away 9. Where is the BIOS located? A. ROM 10. When "booting up" your computer, what is the first program that is executed? A. POST - power on self test --------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) What are the 3 most common causes of hardware breakdowns? (a) Heat : constant enemy of sollid state. It can affect CPU, RAM, L2 cache, and graphic sound cards. (b) Electrical stress, such as power surges and spikes. (c) Airborne hazzards like dust, smoke, pollen, dirt. (2) How to avoid or lessen the hardware breakdowns? Reduce the exposure to heat, airborne hazzard so it will reduce the likelihood of repairs or need for replacement. Surge protection is also useful to mention here. (4) Why sometimes computer works fine in the morning, but crashes or other memory failures occur late in the day? It is a heat related problem. Semiconductors operate best when cool, but as the heat goes up, conductive properties breakdown or fail. (It is just a clue to look in that direction). ---- (5) What is UPS? It means Uninteruptible Power Supply a device containing a battery another circuitery that provides a continuous supply of power for few minutes during a power failure. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- What does a VGA adaptor do? Why is it important to have a high refresh rate? Why must the electron beam be so focused in the CRT? Are interlaced displays better than non-interlaced? What would happen if the display had no shadow mask? -------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. What is the difference between L1 cache and L2? 4. What are the 4 layers of TCP/IP? 5. What is a Repeater? -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What is Rastor Scanning? 2. How does a pixel become a certain color? 3. T F Persistence is the effect of a phosphor dot glowing briefly after the beam leaves its location 4. What is the purpose of the magnetic deflection yoke? 5. How can you tell when one of the CRT "guns" has gone bad? ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. How many electron guns are located at the rear of the CRT and why? What is the CRT? 2. What direction do the electronic beams sweep across the screen? What causes this behavior? 3. How does interlacing allow the adapter to create higher resolutions? 4. What are phosphors and how are they affected by electron beams? 5. How much RAM is allocated for video memory? What is this memory used for? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) What is the difference between CGA,EGA,VGA and SVGA? 2) What is persistence? 3) What is raster scanning? 4) What determines the monitor's resolution? 5) What is the purpose of the shadow mask? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What is the refresh rate? 2. The closer the holes on the shadow mask the better the resolution T/F 3. How often is a screen redrawn? 4. Why do images remain on a monitor after it is turned off? 5. What do monitors + scanners have in common? (raster scanning) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Name 3 GDI operations. 2. What does BitBLT stand for? 3. What does a graphics accelerator do? 4. What are phosphors and how many are needed in a color monitor? 5. Where else besides a monitor are DAC's used? --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What are the seven layers of the OSI Model and what are the 4 layers of the Internet Model? 2. What Internet Class does 134.161.1.11 belong to? 3. What is the difference between L1 and L2 cache? 4. What are the three steps of the Fetch/Execute Cycle? 5. What is the first sector of a diskette or bootable partition of a hard drive called? --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What is the purpose of a shadow mask? The purpose of a shadow mask is to keep the electron beams aligned with targets on the inside of the CRT's screen. 2. How is the number of colors to be displayed determined? The number of colors is determined by the number of bits allotted to each pixel in memory. 3. Explain raster scanning. After electron beams make one horizontal sweep across the screen, the electron streams are turned off as the electron guns refocus the paths of the beams back to the left edge of the screen at a point just below the previousscan line. 4. What do the DAC circuits do? The DAC circuits compare the digital values sent by the PC to a look-up table that contains the matching voltage levels for the three primary colors needed to create the color of a single pixel. 5. What is interlacing? Interlacing is when adapters scan only every other line with each field. Interlacing allows the adapter to create higher resolutions (to scan more lines) with less expensive components. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. What is the goal of Plug and Play? The goal is to automatically detect and configure devices. 3. What is slack space? Slack space is unused bytes of a cluster on a FAT formatted drive. 4. What is branch prediction? Branch prediction predicts which road will be taken based on what has been used before. (Where there is a branch in the code and either instructions a, b, c will be next or w, x, y will be next. 5. What are some common causes of hardware problems? Common causes include: heat, airborne hazards, and electrical stress. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What are the differences between monochrome and color monitors? Which would you say is the more digital of the two? Monochrome monitors only have two possible values for each pixel: on or off. Color monitor pixels typically have thousands of possible values for each pixel. On a color monitor, each pixel is struck by three different electron beams, one determining the amount of blue a pixel gets, one the amount of red, and the other the amount of green. In a monochrome display, the pixels are either turned on or off, making it binary or digital imaging. In a color monitor, the digital values assigned to each pixel are converted to analog by the DAC before being sent to CRT. 2. Explain why monitors briefly retain an image after their power is turned off. Answer: The images we see on a computer monitor are created by electrons hitting sensitive phosophor that glow a certain color depending on the type and intensity of the electron beam it has been shot by. Sometimes when the power is turned off, you can see the phosophors still glowing from the electron streams. This is an effect of persistance. 3. Why do computer screen flicker or strobe when seen on television? Would interlacing enhance or diminish this effect? The flickering is caused by the electron streams making their sweep across your screen. After they have made a complete sweep or field, they are turned off and refocused while they align themselves back up to the upper left corner of the screen. This process is called refreshing and it occurs commonly, 60 times a second. The human eye does not notice this flicker but when a screen is seen through a television set (such as the computer screens behind the anchors on the nightly news) the amount of flickering is in a sense doubled because a television screen works on basically the same principal as a computer monitor. So you are seeing the flicker of the computer screen along with the flickering of your TV set. 4. How do the electrons shoot different parts of the screen? Answer: The electron beam is aimed by a mechanism called the magnetic deflection yoke. Using electro-magnetic fields, this device bends the path of the electron streams. 5. Explain what a monitor's resolution is and how it is determined. Answer: A resoultion is a measure of how many lines a screen has going down it horizontally and how many pixels are in each line. A 640 by 480 resolution would mean that the monitor is displaying 640 pixels for each of its' 480 lines. The resolution is determined by the signals sent to the magnetic deflection yoke. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- T-F: The higher the resolution the more poorly the video is displayed? T-F: Pixel values are stored by the microprocessor in a memory address space called video memory? T-F: VGA is an acronym for Video Graphics Adapter? ______ ________ ______ uses electromagnetic fields to bend the path of the electron streams How are sharper images created on a CRT's screen? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) True or False? LCD display like those found on laptops and with newer computer operate on Digital signals? TRUE 5) Most high quality video accelerators fit into which type of expansion slot in modern PC's? What does it stand for? AGP, ACCELERATED GRAPHICS PORT -------------------------------------------------------------------------- What does modem stand for? What is 10001110 in decimal notation? Which Level of cache is on the chip? What are the 3 steps in troubleshooting? What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) What is TCP/IP? 2) What is the seven layer of the OSI model? 3) Describe the path of a token ring network 4) Explain what this does,step-by-step tracert chaos.cns.uni.edu > testfile 5) What is a subnet mask? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. What does POST stand for? and what is its main purpose? 2. Name the 7 layers of the OSI Model? 3. If we have an IP address of 134.161.144.35, what would be our network classification? 4. What command would you type at the command prompt to map the drive j to \\chaos\jacobs? 5. What are the 3 main types of hubs? --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. How can we devide 4 layers (Application, Transprt, Internet, Network Interface) of OSI Reference Model into 7 layers of Internet Model? A. Application => Applicaiton Presentation Session Transport => Transport Internet => Network Network Interface => Data Link Physical 2. What does TCP stand for, and in which layer does it exist? A. Transport Control Protocol, which is in Transport Layer. 3. What does IP stand for, and in which layer does it exist? A. Internet Protocol, which is in Internet Layer. 4. How can we give a permission to anyone for read our own webpage? A. Change the mode to 644. (chmod 644 user-URL.html) 5. Which command makes us comfirm the permisson that we did in the previous queston? A. ls -l --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.) Brifely outline the responsibilities of the POST (power-on self-test). 2.) Discuss the differences between a scanners raw resolution and its interpolated resolution. 3.) Describe what a computer's kernel is and what functions it performs. 4.) What are the seven layers involved in implementation of internet protocols. With just a few words for each one describe the individual layers. 5.) Name and describe the three main types of scanners. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.) What does POST stand for? 2.) What is the Boot Process? 3.) Explain troubleshooting. 4.) Name the four levels of the TCP/IP networking model 5.) What level of the 7 layer model are routers found?? --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. How does a network work? 2. What is the maximun capacity that you can have in hard drive. ????? 3. How many different memory locations are there, and what are they? 4. What is trashing? (THRASHING is correct spelling). 5. What is the difference between ROM and RAM?